Hardwood Flooring Guide

Selecting, Installing, and Caring for Hardwood Floors

A reference covering wood species native to Canadian climates, installation methods suited to different subfloors, and refinishing techniques for long-term upkeep.

Installed oak hardwood flooring showing natural grain pattern

Three Areas of Hardwood Floor Knowledge

The following sections address the main decisions and tasks involved in hardwood flooring: choosing a species, completing the installation, and renewing an aging surface.

Hardwood species sample board showing grain texture
Wood Species

Choosing a Wood Species for Canadian Conditions

Red oak, hard maple, white ash, and black walnut each respond differently to the humidity swings common in Canadian seasons. This guide breaks down Janka hardness, dimensional stability, and finish compatibility.

Read the species guide →
Hardwood floor planks being installed
Installation

Installation Methods: Nail-Down, Glue-Down, and Floating

The right method depends on subfloor type, moisture conditions, and whether the space is above, below, or on grade. Each approach carries specific requirements for preparation and acclimatization.

Read the installation guide →
Worn hardwood floor surface prior to refinishing
Refinishing

Refinishing and Surface Repair for Existing Floors

Solid hardwood can be sanded and recoated multiple times. Knowing when the floor is ready for a full sand, a screen-and-recoat, or targeted spot repairs prevents unnecessary removal of wood thickness.

Read the refinishing guide →

Why Canadian Conditions Matter

Canada's climate introduces specific challenges for hardwood flooring that differ from warmer, more stable regions. Interior relative humidity can shift between roughly 20% in winter (during extended heating periods) and 60–70% in summer. Wood expands and contracts across this range, and species selection, installation method, and finishing products all affect how well a floor tolerates these cycles.

The National Wood Flooring Association (NWFA) publishes installation and maintenance standards that are widely referenced by Canadian flooring contractors. Their guidelines on subfloor moisture thresholds and acclimatization periods are applicable across Canadian climate zones.

Janka
Hardness rating matters
Red oak (1290 lbf) is a standard reference point. Hard maple (1450 lbf) is noticeably more dent-resistant.
RH %
Maintain 35–55% indoor RH
NWFA recommends keeping interior humidity stable year-round to minimize seasonal movement.
3–5
Acclimatization days
Hardwood should acclimatize in the installation environment for at least 3–5 days before installation begins.

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